Carlos A. Afonso is Planning Director of the Information Network for the Third Sector (Rits), a Rio-based organization dedicated to democratizing information among NGOs and promoting public policies related to ICTs and human development. He is also a member of Brazil's Internet Steering Committee (CGIbr). He studied naval engineering at the Polytechnical School of the University of São Paulo; holds a Master in Economics, York University, Toronto; and has done doctoral studies in Social and Political Thought at the same university. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Peng Hwa Ang is Director of the Singapore Internet Research Centre and Dean of the School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. His research interest is Internet law and policy, and he recently published Ordering Chaos, which argues the case that the Internet can be and is being regulated. He has presented his research in many meetings all over the world including the European Union, and Harvard and Oxford universities where he spent a sabbatical. A lawyer by training, he obtained his PhD from Michigan State University. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Vittorio Bertola is presently the Chairman of ICANN's At Large Advisory Committee (ALAC), the body that advocates the interests of the individual users inside ICANN. He is also President and Chief Technical Officer of Dynamic Fun, a start-up company in the field of wireless and digital innovation services. He has been involved in various capacities in Internet user-related committees and organizations, in policy-making for the .it Internet top level domain, and in the Italian chapter of the Internet Society. He also was Vice President for Technology of the Vitaminic group, the European leader in digital music distribution. He holds a degree cum laude in Electronic Engineering from the Politecnico di Torino. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Tarek Cheniti is a doctoral student of the James Martin Institute for Science and Civilization at Oxford University, and a member of Keble College. His main research interests are the global governance of science and technology, and the impact of scientific innovation on human welfare. He holds a MS in Analysis, Design and Management of Information Systems from the London School of Economics and Political Science and a BA in International Trade from the Institute of Higher Commercial Studies in Carthage, Tunisia. He was a consultant at the Secretariat of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Kangsik Cheon is the COO of International Business Development for Netpia.com. Previously he has been the ICT director for the Gyeonggi Provincial Government in South Korea, where he developed various ICT policies and managed province-wide governmental networks; a member of the technical staff at Korea Telecom, where he worked on network evolution strategy; and a participant in a research project on expansion of New York Stock Exchange Networks. He received his PhD in Electrical Engineering at Polytechnic University in Brooklyn, New York. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

C. Trevor Clarke is the Government of Barbados’ Permanent Representative to the United Nations in Geneva, and Special Representative to the World Trade Organization at the level of Ambassador. He has completed forty one years of service in telecommunications engineering and management with the British multinational corporation Cable & Wireless, and has held positions on the boards of various private sector and government statutory corporations. His primary area of interest is in trade policy and the legal aspects of information and communication technology. He completed his engineering degree at what is now Greenwich University in London, England and his Masters in the Law of Information Technology and Telecommunications with the University of Strathclyde, Scotland. Mr. Clarke is the recipient of the year 2000 Barbados Centennial Honors (BCH), and the Gold Crown of Merit (GCM) for his work in telecommunications and investment promotion in Barbados. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Abdullah Abdulaziz Al-Darrab is the Deputy Governor of Technical Affairs at the Communications and Information Technology Commission (CITC) of Saudi Arabia. He is also Chairman of the National Committee for the World Summit on the Information Society. Previously, he was the Vice President for Network Affairs at the Saudi Telecommunications Company, in charge of Engineering, Implementation and Operations of telecom networks; and was Vice Chairman of the ITU-R Study Group 8 for a period of ten years. Mr. Al-Darrab has a Degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from California State University. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Nitin Desai is a Special Adviser to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for the World Summit on the Information Society. Previously, after working in universities, the private sector, and the Government of India, he occupied a number of senior positions in the United Nations, including Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs. He also coordinated the development of Agenda 21, head the Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development and the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and was the organizer of United Nations major summits including the Johannesburg Summit on Sustainable Development (2002), the Monterrey Conference on Finance for Development (2002), the Copenhagen Summit on Social Development (1995) and the Rio Conference on Environment and Development (1992). He is an Honorary Fellow at the London School of Economics and Political Science and the convener of one of the tracks in the Helsinki Process on Globalization and Democracy. He was the Chairperson of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Avri Doria is an independent researcher currently working with Luleå University of Technology in Sweden and with the Republic of Korea Ministry of Information and Communication's Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute. Ms. Doria has been an Internet technologist for over twenty five years and is active participant in the IETF, is chair of the Internet Research Task Force’s Routing Research group, and is a member of ICANN’s Generic Names Supporting Organization council and of Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility and the Internet Society. Her current projects include bringing the Internet into areas that are communication challenged, and is working with the semi-nomadic Sámi population of Sapmi (aka Lapland). Ms. Doria has an MA in Philosophy from the University of Chicago, an MA in Counseling Psychology from Rhode Island College, and is currently completing a transdisciplinary PhD in the department of Humanities, Social Science and Technology at Blekinge University of Technology in Sweden. She was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

William J. Drake is the President of Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility, a global civil society organization, and an ICT policy consultant based in Geneva, Switzerland. In addition, he is co-editor of the MIT Press book series, The Information Revolution and Global Politics. Previously, he has been a Visiting Senior Fellow at the Center for International Development and Conflict Management, University of Maryland, College Park; a Senior Associate and the founding Director of the Project on the Information Revolution and World Politics at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington DC; the founding Associate Director of the Communication, Culture and Technology Program, Georgetown University, Washington DC; and an Assistant Professor of Communication at the University of California, San Diego. His primary research interests are the global governance of information and communication technology, and the impact of the information revolution on world politics. Among his publications are, Governing Global Electronic Networks: International Perspectives on Policy and Power (co-editor, forthcoming); From the Global Digital Divide to the Global Digital Opportunity: Proposals Submitted to the G-8 Kyushu-Okinawa Summit 2000---Report of the World Economic Forum Task Force; Toward Sustainable Competition in Global Telecommunications: From Principle to Practice; Telecommunications in the Information Age (editor); and The New Information Infrastructure: Strategies for US Policy (editor). He received his Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University, New York City.

Baher Esmat is the Telecom Planning Manager at Egypt's Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. Bringing twelve years of experience, he started his career in 1993 as a Systems Engineer at Egypt’s Cabinet Information and Decision Support Center before moving to Newbridge Networks Inc. in 1999 as a Systems Consultant. His main areas of interest are mobile IP and broadband wireless systems, on which he has published several papers in international conference proceedings. Esmat received a BA in Electronics and Communications Engineering from Cairo University in June 1993, and a Masters in Computer Science from the American University in Cairo in June 1999. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Juan Fernández is a Senior Advisor in the Ministry of Informatics and Communication of Cuba and the Coordinator of the Cuban Commission for Electronic Commerce. He also is a member of the United Nations ICT Task Force. Previously he has been the CIO of SIME, an industrial group of more than 200 enterprises; and a Senior Researcher and Professor in the Microelectronics Research Center at Havana Polytechnic Institute. His current interests include the use of ICTs for development, and the organization of the software industry in developing countries. He has a Physics Degree from Havana University and an MSc in Microelectronics from Havana Polytechnic Institute. He is a FIDE International Chess Master. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Qiheng Hu is President of the Internet Society of China, Vice president of the China Association for Science and Technology, and Chairperson of the Steering Committee for the China Network and Information Center. She has been a research professor at the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for twenty years and was the Academy’s Vice President from 1988 to 1996. She has been a visiting research professor in Case Western Reserve University. Her background is as an automation engineer with a main interest in pattern recognition, after which she has worked for many years as an ICT policy advisor. She obtained her PhD at the Moscow Institute for Chemical Machinery. She was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Willy Jensen is the Director General of the Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority. He gained full Professorship in Informatics/Computer Networking at the University of Tromsø, Norway in 1982. He has conducted research on electronic communications and computer networks from 1974 to 1989 and was operationally active in the execution and management of projects establishing the university networks across Europe in the 1970s-80s. He moved to industry top management positions in 1989 and further to top management positions in the European Space Agency, working in Italy from 1993 to 1999. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Ayesha Hassan manages the International Chamber of Commerce’s Commission on E-Business, IT and Telecoms and is based in Paris. She is in charge of the Coordinating Committee of Business Interlocutors (CCBI), a vehicle mobilizing and coordinating the involvement of the worldwide business community in the process leading to the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) Summits of 2003 and 2005. She also served on the United Nations Secretary General’s Task Force on Financial Mechanisms. Ms. Hassan is an experienced lawyer, and has a background in dispute resolution, international policy, and e-commerce issues. She was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Wolfgang Kleinwächter is a professor of international communication policy and regulation in the Department for Media and Information Sciences, University of Aarhus, Denmark. He is also active in different positions in ICANN’s At Large community, and is a member of the International Council of the International Association for Media and Communication Research. Previously he taught at the University of Leipzig, the University of Tampere, and the School of International Services at the American University in Washington, D.C., and chaired the Management Board of the Interregional Information Society Initiative of the European Commission in Brussels. His main interests include international communication policy and regulation, and Internet governance. His book, ICANN 2.0: The Long Road Towards Self-Regulation of the Internet, will be published soon in Germany. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Jovan Kurbalija is the Director of DiploFoundation and a lecturer in Internet Governance in the MA Course in Contemporary Diplomacy (University of Malta). Since 1995, he has been directing postgraduate courses in diplomacy and ICT at the University of Malta, in which more than 300 diplomats, government officials, and ICT specialists have participated. His primary research interest is the impact of ICT/Internet on diplomacy and modern international relations. He has a professional and academic background in diplomacy, international law, and information technology. He has LL.D, MA in International Law and PhD from the University of Belgrade, and Master in Diplomacy from the Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies, University of Malta. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Markus Kummer is the Executive Coordinator of the Secretariat supporting the Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG). He was appointed to this post by the United Nations Secretary-General in March 2004. From 2002 until 2004 he held the position as eEnvoy of the Swiss Foreign Ministry in Berne. His main tasks included foreign policy co-ordination with regard to information and communication technologies in general and the WSIS in particular. Mr. Kummer was a member of the Swiss delegation during the first phase of the WSIS where he chaired several negotiating groups, including the group on Internet governance that developed an agreed text on this issue for the WSIS Declaration of Principles and Plan of Action. He is a career diplomat who served in several functions in the Swiss Foreign Ministry in Berne, Lisbon, Vienna, Oslo, Geneva and Ankara. Between 1998 and 2003 he served as Head of Unit in the Secretariat of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in Geneva, where he was responsible for relations with countries outside the European Union.

Don MacLean is an independent consultant specialized in Internet and ICT-related policy, strategy and governance issues at the national and international levels. From 1992-99, he served as head of strategic planning and external relations for the International Telecommunication Union. Prior to joining the ITU, he served in a number of senior policy and planning positions in the Canadian Department of Communications. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Frank March is a Senior Specialist Advisor in the Information Technology and Telecommunications Policy Group of the Ministry of Economic Development, Wellington, New Zealand. His current work includes developing policy and advising on a wide range of technical and other Internet-related issues, and he is New Zealand’s representative in ICANN’s Governmental Advisory Committee. In a private capacity, he chairs a committee that is responsible for oversight of policy issues relating to management of the .nz top-level domain. He has a BSc (Hons) and PhD in chemistry from the University of Canterbury, Christchurch. He was a member of the Secretariat of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Chengetai Masango is a Ph.D. Candidate at the School of Information Studies at Syracuse University, New York. His research concentrates on virtual collaboration and transnational collective action. He has a MA in International Relations (Global Information Policy) from the Maxwell School of Citizenship & Public Affairs, Syracuse University. He was a member of the Secretariat of the Working Group on Internet Governance

Jacqueline A. Morris is an Internet Specialist at Media 21 Ltd in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, and a part-time lecturer at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. Previously, she has held several ICT and Internet focused positions at the Tourism and Industrial Development Company of Trinidad and Tobago; and has been a consultant at HR Consulting Associates and at Globaltech, Seattle. She was a Fulbright Fellow and a 3 Guineas Foundation Fellow. Her primary interests are encouraging women’s and girls’ participation in the ICT field, as well as utilizing the Internet to market and promote Trinidad and Tobago Entertainment ventures. She holds a BSc in Chemical Engineering from the UWI, an MS in Chemical Engineering from the UFSCar, Brazil, and an MS in Engineering Science from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY. She was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Olivier Nana Nzépa is an ICT international consultant, lecturer, and a senior researcher in the Research ICT Africa network and the Africa Management network. He holds a Ph.D. in communication from University of Montreal; an M.A. in International relations from ENAP, in Montreal; an M.A in Business management, H.E.C, Montreal; an M.Sci in communication, University of Montreal; and a BA in journalism from the University of Yaoundé, Cameroon. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Alejandro Pisanty is Head of Academic Computing Services for the National Autonomous University of Mexico, which he has also served as Coordinator for Open University and Distance Education and other functions. A Ph. D. and professor of Chemistry, Dr. Pisanty has done research in theoretical and computational chemistry, distance education, and several technology-related subjects. He has been active in the introduction and diffusion of the Internet into Mexico. He was the founding Chair of CUDI, the Mexican Internet-2 consortium, and is Chair of the Sociedad Internet de Mexico (ISOC Mexico) and Vice-Chair of the Board of ICANN. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Waudo Siganga is the Chairman of the Computer Society of Kenya and CEO of telecommunications firm, Signet Technologies. He serves on the steering committees of the Africa Federation of ICT Associations and the World Information Technology & Services Alliance. He has participated actively in ICT-related public policy developments in Kenya during the last decade that have been characterized by major changes like deregulation and liberalization of the market. A keen participant in topical international forums, he has particular interests in the use of ICT for development, and in the role of private sector business in attaining appropriate ICT policies. He has an undergraduate and masters degrees in Information Systems from Nairobi University. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Charles Sha'ban is the Executive Director of the Regional office of Abu-Ghazaleh Intellectual Property, a member of the Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Organization. Within ICANN, Mr. Shaban is a member of the country code Name Supporting Organization Council (ccNSO) and represents his firm in both the Business Constituency and the Intellectual Property Constituency. In addition, he is a board member of the Multilingual Internet Names Consortium, and holds memberships in various other international and regional organizations involved in the fields of the intellectual property and information and communication technology. He was a member of the Working Group on Internet Governance.

Howard Williams is Director of the Communication Management program at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. The programme has worked with professionals in over sixty five countries and is a leader in ICT capacity building for developing countries. Williams also works with World Bank, and was formerly the expert economist in DG InfoSoc at the European Commission. His primary interests are in the ways in which ICTs shape the development process, and in how public policy interventions facilitate investment in, and the diffusion and use of, innovative ICT networks and services. He received his PhD in Economics at the University of Newcastle. He was a member of the Secretariat of the Working Group on Internet Governance.