(1)
Privacy and cross-border flows of personal data
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National privacy regime options:
1. General and/or sectoral regulation2. Omnibus and sectoral legislation3. Self-regulatory Initiatives
Education and awareness raising activities
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OECD Guidelines for the protection of privacy and trans-border flows of personal data
OECD Privacy Online: policy and practical guidance
OECD Privacy policy statement generator
OECD work on Spam
United Nations Guidelines for the regulation of computerized personal data files
Council of Europe Convention
(Forthcoming) APEC Privacy Guidelines
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Education and awareness raising (e.g. ICC Global Spam Fighting Resource, ICC Privacy Toolkit)
Self-regulatory codes and Enforcement organizations (e.g. ICC Guidelines on Marketing and Advertising on the Internet, Truste, BBB Online)
ICC/BIAC discussion paper on Spam [forthcoming ICC policy statement on Spam]
Provision of reporting and “opt out” services. (e.g. national direct marketing associations)
Company codes of conduct / binding corporate rules
Model contract clauses for cross-border transfers of personal data including the industry alternative model contract clauses for data transfers from the EU
GBDe recommendationsfor protection of personal data
Innovation and deployment of technologies that can protect information and mitigate SPAM, etc. |
(2)
Consumer protection
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Education and awareness raising programs
National policy regime options:
1. Regulation and legislation2. Self-regulatory initiatives
National, regional and local law enforcement cooperation
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2000 OECD Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Ecommerce
2003 OECD Guidelinesfor Protecting Consumers from Fraudulent and Deceptive Commercial Practices Across Borders
APEC Voluntary Consumer Protection Guidelines for the Online Environment
Bilateral and multilateral government law enforcement and Cooperation internationally
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Education and awareness raising programs
Self-regulatory codes and enforcement organizations (e.g. BBBOnline)
Provision of alternative dispute resolution services
Development and dissemination of industry best practices (e.g. ICC Tools for E-Business: “Putting it right: Best practices for customer redress in online business”, “Resolving disputes online: Best practices for online dispute resolution in B2C and C2C transactions”;and GBDe policies on consumer confidence and legal (jurisdiction) aspects |
(3)
Information systems and network security
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Education and awareness raising programs, development and dissemination of best practices (e.g. FCC industry advisory group, Physical and Cyber security Best Practices (voluntary))
Training and recruiting of technical specialists for law enforcement
Dedicated information security incident reporting to law enforcement (e.g. UKNational Hi-Tech Crime Unit)
Support/encourageincident-reporting andinformation-sharingcenters in the privatesector Legislation on computer related crime
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Coordination and information-sharing of national initiatives/centers on systems and network security (e.g. European Network and Information Security Agency)
2002 OECD Guidelines on the Security of Information Systems and Networks
United Nations General Assembly Resolution on a Global Culture of Security
APEC TEL WG e-Security Task Group
OAS’ CITEL PCC.I Working Group on Advanced Technologies and Services
Technical standards in the ITU-T (see below under Technical Standards)
ITU-D programs on e-strategies /applications to enhance security and trust in the use of networks
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Incident reporting and information-sharing resources (e.g. National Computer Emergency Response Team for Australia, CERT® Coordination Center, US, ICC Commercial Crime Services, UK)
Education and awareness raising, development and dissemination of best practices for industry and the general public. (e.g. national reporting and information sharing groups; ICC/BIAC business applications of OECD security guidelines)
Technical standards in the IETF, W3C, IEEE, ISO/IEC, etc. (see below under Technical Standards)
GBDe recommendations on security
Innovation and deployment of information systems and network security technologies |
(4)
Cryptography
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National policies related to cryptography
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Wassenaar Arrangement on the export of dual-use goods including encryption products
OECD Guidelines on Cryptography
Technical standards in the ITU (also see below under Technical Standards) |
Technical standards in the IETF, W3C, IEEE,ISO/IEC, etc. (also see below under Technical Standards)
Innovation and deployment of Cryptographic technologies |
(5)
Cyber-crimes
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National legislation and regulation making certain online acts criminal
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Council of Europe Convention on Cyber-crime (Note: nonmembers can accede to the Convention upon application and approval)
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Cooperation with law Enforcement
ICC commercial crime services (CCS) Fraudnet initiative
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(6)
Electronic Authentication
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Encouragement of use by business and the public of electronic authentication in e-government, (e.g. in tax filing, and government procurement)
Legislative measures to ensure legal validity and recognition of electronic signatures
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OECD Ministerial Declaration on electronic authentication UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures
Technical standards in the ITU on public key infrastructure (also see below under Technical Standards)
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Development and dissemination of guidance on electronic authentication (e.g. ICC General Usage for International Digital Commerce) GBDe recommendations on authentication
Innovation and deployment of electronic authentication technologies
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(7)
Contractual issues
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Legislative measures toensure legal validity and recognition of electronic contracts
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UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce UNCITRAL is discussing a convention on electronic contracting
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Provision of alternativedispute resolution services.
Self-regulatory guidelines on electronic contracting (ICC E-Terms are being developed)
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(8)
Taxation of e-commerce
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National policiesregarding the taxation of electronic commerce
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Work of the OECDTechnical AdvisoryGroups on Tax inpartnership withbusiness
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Work of the OECDTechnical AdvisoryGroups on Tax inpartnership withgovernments
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(9)
Customs duties on electronic transmissions
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The assessment of Customs duties on electronic transmissions
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WTO moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions
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Cooperation with customs and other entities considering this issue
Business support of the WTO moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions |
(10)
Intellectual Property
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Implementation of national policies and enforcement of national laws and international agreements
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World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Treaties on Copyright and the Performances and Phonograms, December 1996
WTO Agreement on the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS)
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Innovation and deployment of digital rights management technologies
ICC Intellectual Property (IP) roadmap
Education and awareness raising programs Enforcement of rights
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(11)
Content
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National legislation on access to or the dissemination of certain content
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OECD Workshop on Online Content
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Self-regulatory schemes (e.g. Internet Content Rating Association, filtering technologies)
Innovation and development of content filtering tools for use by parents, service providers, etc. |
(12)
Infrastructure development
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National economic development programs
Incentives to private investment, e.g. “good governance”
National Universal Service obligations for Basic telecommunications
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WTO Information Technology Agreement,Relevant Services Commitments, e.g. Telecoms, Computer and Related Services
ITU-D development work on communications infrastructure
World Bank
UNESCO’s ICT development programs
UNCTAD
UNDP’s ICT Development programs |
Advocacy and best practice work on trade liberalization in telecommunications (e.g. ICC Business Guide to Telecoms Liberalization)
Private sector investment and deployment of infrastructure
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(13)
Education
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National, regional, and local educational systems from basic education to university, to IT specific training
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UNESCO
UNICT TFForums/Workshops
ITU and UNDP Human Capacity Building programs in IT
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Numerous private sector capacity building exercises and public-private partnerships (e.g.Cisco network academies, Microsoft, Cable and Wireless Virtual Academy, Nokia BridgeIT program)
Internal corporate training and life-long learning programs
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(14)
Exchange of Internet Traffic
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Ensure that there are no legal barriers to the creation of regional traffic hubs
Competition Law
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ITU Recommendation D.50
ITU-T Rapporteurs Group continues to discuss this issue
OECD Study “Internet Traffic Exchange and the Development of End-to-End International Telecommunication Competition”
ITU assistance in establishing regional Internet Exchange Points
APECTEL Working Group |
Commercial negotiations among ISPs to exchange traffic (e.g. peering and transit)
Business investment in infrastructure including establishing Internet Exchange Points
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(15)
Technical coordinationof the Internet
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National laws apply to ccTLD administrators
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Governmental Advisory Committee to ICANN and ITU activities under Resolution 102 (Marrakech 2002)
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Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
Organizations such as CENTR, RIPE-NCC, APNIC etc. |
(16)
Technical standards
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Support for and participation in national standards setting bodies/processes
Participation in international standards setting bodies
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ITU-T and ITU-R Recommendations for the telecommunications network and radio
ITU-R (WRC) identification, allocation and assignment of radio spectrum
ITU-R (global regulations for frequency allocations)
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Organizations involved in interface and Performance standardization, including protocols:
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) and the Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
International Organization for Standards (ISO)
International Electrotechnic Commission (IEC)
SIP Forum |
(17)
Multilingual(internationalized)Domain Names (IDNs)
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National acceptance of international standards
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Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), including coordination with root servers, IANA
Internet Engineering Task Force ( IETF), including technical and linguistic standards
Multilingual Internet Names Consortium (MINC), including language tables |